Intervenções psicológicas necessárias: a prática como residente no serviço de medicina fetal / Necessary psychological interventions: the practice as a resident in the fetal medicine service / Intervenciones psicológicas necesarias: la práctica como residente en el servicio de medicina fetal

Com os avanços tecnológicos e o aprimoramento da prática médica via ultrassonografia, já é possível detectar possíveis problemas no feto desde a gestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prática do psicólogo no contexto de gestações que envolvem riscos fetais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo sob formato de relato de experiência como psicólogo residente no Serviço de Medicina Fetal da Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Os registros, feitos por observação participante e diário de campo, foram analisados em dois eixos temáticos: 1) intervenções psicológicas no trabalho em equipe em consulta de pré-natal, exame de ultrassonografia e procedimento de amniocentese; e 2) intervenções psicológicas em casos de bebês incompatíveis com a vida. Os resultados indicaram que o psicólogo nesse serviço é essencial para atuar de forma multiprofissional na assistência pré-natal para gravidezes de alto risco fetal. Ademais, a preceptoria do residente é relevante para sua formação e treinamento para atuação profissional no campo da psicologia perinatal.(AU)

Face to the technological advances and the improvement of medical practice via ultrasound, it is already possible to detect possible problems in the fetus since pregnancy. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychologist's practice in the context of pregnancies which involve fetal risks. It is a qualitative study based on an experience report as a psychologist trainee at the Fetal Medicine Service of the Maternity School of UFRJ. The records, based on the participant observation and field diary, were analyzed in two thematic axes: 1) psychological interventions in the teamwork in the prenatal attendance, ultrasound examination and amniocentesis procedure; and 2) psychological interventions in cases of babies incompatible to the life. The results indicated that the psychologist in this service is essential to work in a multidisciplinary way at the prenatal care for high fetal risk pregnancies. Furthermore, the resident's preceptorship is relevant to their education and training for professional performance in the field of Perinatal Psychology.(AU)

Con los avances tecnológicos y la mejora de la práctica médica a través de la ecografía, ya se puede detectar posibles problemas en el feto desde el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del psicólogo en el contexto de embarazos de riesgos fetal. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en un relato de experiencia como residente de psicología en el Servicio de Medicina Fetal de la Escuela de Maternidad de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Los registros, realizados en la observación participante y el diario de campo, se analizaron en dos ejes temáticos: 1) intervenciones psicológicas en el trabajo en equipo, en la consulta prenatal, ecografía y los procedimientos de amniocentesis; y 2) intervenciones psicológicas en casos de bebés incompatibles con la vida. Los resultados señalaron como fundamental la presencia del psicólogo en este servicio trabajando de forma multidisciplinar en la atención prenatal en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo fetal. Además, la tutela del residente es relevante para su educación y formación para el desempeño profesional en el campo de la Psicología Perinatal.(AU)

20 anos da comissão consultiva em avaliação psicológica: desafios da ADI 3481 / 20 years of the advisory committee on psychological assessment: challenges of ADI 3481 / 20 años de la comisión consultiva en evaluación psicológica: desafíos de la ADI 3481

A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), em seu 20º aniversário, vem discutir os possíveis efeitos, ainda efetivamente desconhecidos, da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 3481, instruída no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), a qual desestruturou o modo como os testes psicológicos eram comercializados no Brasil. A livre comercialização de testes psicológicos coloca em risco a segurança de avaliações psicológicas e cabe à categoria profissional pensar estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos. Neste artigo, são discutidos possíveis efeitos da ADI 3481 para a categoria profissional da psicologia, bem como para a sociedade em geral, e são também elencadas possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos, sem desconsiderar aspectos éticos relacionados a eles. Dessa forma, busca-se neste manuscrito, além da problematização dos efeitos derivados da ADI 3481, pensar soluções ou alternativas que venham a redirecionar a trajetória da área da avaliação psicológica no Brasil. Com isso, abre-se um espaço de discussão e encaminhamentos que a categoria profissional precisará tomar nos próximos anos.(AU)

The Advisory Commission for Psychological Assessment of the Federal Council of Psychology discusses, on its 20th anniversary, the possible and still effectively unknown effects of the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (DAU) 3481, following the Supreme Federal Court, which interrupted how psychological tests were marketed in Brazil. The free trade of psychological tests puts the safety of psychological assessments at risk, and this professional category must think of strategies to face these risks. This study discusses the possible effects of DAU 3481 for professional psychology and for society in general, listing possible strategies for coping with these risks without disregarding its ethical aspects. Thus, this study seeks to problematize the effects derived from DAU 3481 and think of solutions or alternatives that may redirect the trajectory of the field of psychological assessment in Brazil, thus opening a space for discussion and referrals professional psychology will require in the coming years.(AU)

La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCEP) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), en su 20.º aniversario, propone discutir los posibles efectos aún efectivamente desconocidos de la Acción Directa de Inconstitucionalidad (ADI) 3481, determinada por el Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), por la cual trastornó la forma de comercializar las pruebas psicológicas en Brasil. La comercialización sin restricciones de las pruebas psicológicas pone en riesgo la seguridad de las evaluaciones psicológicas, y le corresponde a la categoría profesional pensar estrategias para enfrentar estos riesgos. En este artículo se discuten los posibles efectos de la ADI 3481 para la categoría profesional de la Psicología, así como para la sociedad en general, pero también se enumeran posibles estrategias para el enfrentamiento de estos riesgos, sin descuidar los aspectos éticos relacionados con ellos. Así, este manuscrito busca, además de problematizar los efectos derivados de la ADI 3481, pensar en soluciones o alternativas que puedan reconducir la trayectoria del campo de la evaluación psicológica en Brasil. Esto abre un espacio de discusión y derivaciones que la categoría profesional deberá tomar en los próximos años.(AU)

Diferentes caminos para formarse y certificar como Especialista en Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reparadora / Different paths to train and certify as a Specialist in Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery

La presente publicación responde a la necesidad de encuadrar la situación actual de los profesionales de Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reparadora. Encuadre que se presentará a partir de las diferentes instituciones y actores intervinientes y de los marcos normativos que, en la actualidad, subyacen al reconocimiento de la especialidad y de los profesionales que la ejercen.

This publication responds to the need to frame the current situation of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery professionals. This frame that will be presented from the different institutions and actors involved and the regulatory frameworks that, currently, underlie the recognition of the specialty and the professionals who practice it.

Norma técnica para otorgamiento del permiso sanitario de centros de atención a primera infancia / Technical standard for granting the health permit for early childhood care centers

La presente Norma tiene como objeto otorgar el permiso sanitario de los Centros de Atención a Primera Infancia (CAPI). Corresponde al Ministerio de Salud, verificar la aplicación de la presente Norma Técnica, a través de la Dirección de Salud Ambiental y sus dependencias

The purpose of this Standard is to grant the health permit for Early Childhood Care Centers (CAPI). The Ministry of Health is responsible for verifying the application of this Technical Standard, through the Environmental Health Department and its dependencies.

Licencia parental durante la educación y la práctica en medicina: 35 años de análisis bibliométrico / Parental Leave during Medical Education and Practice: 35 years of Bibliometric Analysis

Objetivos La cantidad de mujeres en especialidades médico-quirúrgicas ha aumentado. Para nuestro conocimiento, no existen políticas que reglamenten las licencias parentales en nuestro país, que permitan a lasmujeres que se desempeñan en esas especialidades vivir dicho periodo digna y equiparablemente con quienes han elegido otras carreras. Nuestro objetivo, es evaluar las publicaciones con respecto a la regulación y al apoyo a los procesos de maternidad y lactancia de los médicos. Metodos Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, de los últimos 35 años en Medline a través de Fabumed, PubReminer y Scopus, utilizando los términos Mesh: "parental leave" y "physicians". Se incluyeron todas las publicaciones sobre licencia de maternidad en médicos, de 1984 a 2019. Se hizo un análisis bibliométrico descriptivo retrospectivo de dichos artículos y un análisis de mapeo bibliométrico utilizando el programa de software: VOSviewer. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los datos obtenidos. Resultados Encontramos 182 publicaciones desde 1984 hasta 2019. Detectamos dos picos de publicación, en los años 1992 y 2018. El 39,6% de las publicaciones está concentrado en 20 revistas, nueve con factor de impacto mayor a 3. La mayoría de las publicaciones (85%) se encontraron en inglés y se originaron en 12 países. Conclusiones Aún no hay suficientes publicaciones para generar consenso en cuanto a aspectos relacionados con la reglamentación de la licencia de maternidad y lactancia en cirujanas. La estandarización de políticas, optimiza el ejercicio de la especialidad al mejorar el grado de satisfacción de los involucrados.

Objectives the number of women in a surgical medical specialty has increased over time. To our knowledge, there are no politics that rule parental leave in our country, with the goal of allowing women who work in these specialties to live through this period in a dignifying and comparable way as their equals who have made other career choices. The aim of this study is to assess the publications about regulation and support of maternity and breastfeeding for female doctors during their training and professional lives. Methods A literature search using Mesh terms "parental leave" and "physicians", including articles published in the last 35 years, was performed through Medline, Fabumed, PubReminer and Scopus. Every publication regarding parental leave in medical doctors from 1984 to 2019 was included. Descriptive retrospective bibliometric analysis and bibliometric mapping analysis were performed of the above-mentioned articles using VOSviewer software. Finally, a statistical descriptive analysis was performed with the obtained data. Results 184 publications from 1984 to 2019 were found. 2 Publication peaks were identified, in 1992 and 2018. 39.6% of publications are concentrated in 20 journals, 9 of which have an Impact Factor greater than 3. Most of the publications (85%) were found in English language and originated in 12 countries. Conclusions There are not enough publications to generate consensus related to the ruling of parental leave and breastfeeding in female surgeons. The standardization of politics for a specialty, optimizes its performance, as it improves the satisfaction degree of those involved.

Uma professora de educação física, uma servidora em licença, uma professora associada, uma profissional liberal, um orientador de pós-graduação: singularidades de um grupo de pesquisa em meio à pandemia da Covid-19 / A Physical Education teacher, a server on leave, an associate professor, a liberal professional, a graduate supervisor: singularities of a research group in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic / Una profesora de educación física, una servidora en licencia, una profesora asociada, un profesional liberal, un orientador de posgrado: singularidades de un grupo de investigación en medio a la pandemia de la Covid-19

Neste ensaio refletimos sobre a produção de pesquisas e a vida de pesquisadores durante a pandemia a partir das experiências do grupo de pesquisa Políticas de Formação em Educação Física e Saúde (Polifes), sediado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Iniciamos situando as medidas administrativas adotadas pela UFRGS no enfrentamento dessa emergência político-sanitária. Depois, trazemos textos que retratam os impactos da Covid-19 na vida de pesquisadores e comentamos algumas produções no alvorecer da pandemia. Em segui-da, elencamos cinco notas cartográficas de integrantes do Polifes, que refletem a vida em tempos de distanciamento acadêmico-social. Por fim, sublinhamos a importância da escrita solidária para lidar com o imponderável dentro desse contexto específico (AU).

In this essay, we reflect on research production and on the life of researchers during the Covid-19 pandemic based on the experiences of the Education Policies in Physical Education and health (Polifes) group anchored at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). We begin by situating the administrative measures adopted by the UFRGS to face this political-sanitary emergency. Then, we bring texts that portray the impacts of Covid-19 on the lives of researchers and comment on some productions at the beginning of the pandemic. Next, we list five cartogra-phic notes from Polifes's members which reflect on life in times of acade-mic and social isolation. Finally, we emphasize the importance of solidary writing to deal with the imponderable within this specific context (AU).

En este ensayo, reflexionamos sobre la producción investiga-tiva y vida de los investigadores durante la pandemia a partir de las expe-riencias del grupo de investigación Políticas de Formación en Educación Física y Salud (Polifes), con sede en la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Iniciamos situando las medidas administrativas adop-tadas por la UFRGS en el enfrentamiento de la emergencia político-sa-nitaria. Continuamente, traemos textos que retratan los impactos de la Covid-19 en la vida de los investigadores y comentamos algunas pro-ducciones en el surgimiento de la pandemia. En seguida, enumeramos cinco notas cartográficas de miembros del Polifes, que reflejan la vida en tiempos de distanciamiento académico-social. Finalmente, destacamos la importancia de la escritura solidaria para enfrentar lo imponderable dentro de este contexto específico (AU).

El papel de los recursos de salud pública en el afrontamiento y tratamiento de la COVID-19 / The role of Public Health resources in coping and treating COVID-19

Introducción: La crisis de la COVID-19 ha puesto a la gestión de diversos sistemas políticos a prueba. Posiblemente, no hay nada más evidente que el número de infectados y muertos de un país como índice de la eficacia de los políticos a la hora de afrontar una crisis. El ciudadano es un cliente. Paga sus impuestos y tiene toda la licencia moral de exigir a sus gobernantes que sean eficientes en la protección de sus derechos. Algunos gobiernos han intentado desviar el foco de su responsabilidad sobre el dinero destinado a salud pública en los presupuestos del Estado de gobiernos anteriores; a modo de excusa de su nefasta gestión. Objetivo: Este trabajo precisamente analiza si existe alguna relación estadísticamente significativa entre el dinero destinado a los servicios públicos de salud y el número de infectados y muertes por la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis no-paramétrico Tau b de Kendall para el gasto público en salud (tanto la inversión pública como privada) y el número de contagiados (en 178 países) y muertes (en 162 países) por la COVID-19; proporcionado por la Universidad John Hopkins. Resultados: No sólo no se ha encontrado una relación negativa (de mayor gasto en salud y menor número de afectados) sino que, sorprendentemente, se ha desvelado que hay una relación positiva. Conclusiones: Una posible hipótesis es que disponer de un sistema de salud con mayores recursos hace que los políticos sean más confiados a la hora de enfrentarse a crisis sanitarias(AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 crisis has put the management of various political systems to the test. There is possibly nothing more evident than the number of infected and deaths in a country as an index of the effectiveness of politicians in coping a crisis. The citizen is a customer. They pay their taxes and they have all the right to demand their politicians to be efficient in protecting their rights. In this sense, there is no right above the right to life. Some governments have attempted to shift the focus of their responsibility on the public health state budgets of previous governments, as an excuse for its catastrophic management. Objective: This work precisely analyzes whether there is any statistically significant relationship between the budget dedicated to public health services and the number of infected and deaths by COVID-19. Methods: A non-parametric analysis of Kendall's Tau b was carried out for Public Health Expenditure (both public and private investment) and the number of COVID-19 infections (in 178 countries) and deaths (in 162 countries; provided by John Hopkins University). Results: Results showed that there is not only a negative relationship (between higher spending on health and fewer affected people) but, surprisingly, there is a positive relationship between these variables. Conclusions: One possible hypothesis is that the fact of having a health system with more resources makes politicians be more confident when facing health crisis(AU)

Marihuana en México, ¿droga recreativa o medicina? / Marijuana in Mexico, recreational drug or medicine?

El tema que discutimos tiene una relevancia que alcanza todos los ámbitos de la sociedad actual, debido a que incluye factores sociales, políticos, económicos y de salud; sin embargo, es de mencionar la situación risible que ocurre en relación con el consumo de marihuana en México, dado que los artículos 477 y 479 de la Ley General de Salud determinan su posible portación y consumo personal a la cantidad de 5 g del estupefaciente. Dicho en otras palabras, el uso con fines médicos se encuentra aún penalizado e inclusive mal visto dentro de la práctica, mientras que la finalidad recreativa sobre la posesión y el uso tanto de la marihuana como de algún derivado del tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) son contemplados dentro de la ley explícitamente. Esto ha quedado ejemplificado claramente el pasado 24 de noviembre de 2015, fecha en la cual, a pesar de la ley ya existente, el Pleno de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación concedió a cuatro personas el derecho a la «... producción, uso y autoconsumo del estupefaciente cannabis y el psicotrópico "THC" para fines "lúdicos"¼; al compararlo con los casos actuales que han obtenido la autorización pertinente del gobierno para el uso médico, son muchos menos. Si bien el 19 de junio de 2017 se aprobó el uso medicinal de la marihuana en productos con un contenido neto de THC < 1%, la Cofepris (Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios) dio a conocer los reglamentos en materia de control sanitario del cannabis y sus derivados hasta finales de 2018; tal hecho, dejó a merced de la obtención de un permiso para la importación de medicamentos a base del psicoactivo provenientes del extranjero acorde a lo escrito en el artículo 290. Asimismo destaca que los permisos solo pueden ser otorgados tras la ordenanza de un juez, situación que hasta la fecha continúa como «difícil¼, ya que tras recibir aproximadamente 534 solicitudes, solo 9 se habían autorizado a 5 de septiembre de 2018, esto según el portal del propio gobierno de México.

The issue we are discussing is relevant to all areas of today's society, as it includes social, political, economic and health factors; however, it is worth mentioning the laughable situation that occurs in relation to the consumption of marijuana in Mexico, given that articles 477 and 479 of the General Health Law determine its possible possession and personal consumption to the amount of 5 g of the drug. In other words, use for medical purposes is still criminalised and even frowned upon in practice, while the recreational purpose of possession and use of both marijuana and a derivative of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is explicitly contemplated in the law.This was clearly exemplified on 24 November 2015, when, despite the existing law, the Plenary of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation granted four people the right to "... production, use and self-consumption of the narcotic drug cannabis and the psychotropic "THC" for "recreational" purposes"; when compared to the current cases that have obtained the relevant government authorisation for medical use, there are far fewer. Although the medical use of marijuana in products with a net THC content < 1% was approved on 19 June 2017, the Cofepris (Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios) released the regulations on the sanitary control of cannabis and its derivatives until the end of 2018; this fact left the importation of medicines based on the psychoactive drug from abroad subject to obtaining a permit in accordance with the provisions of article 290. It also points out that permits can only be granted following a judge's order, a situation that to date continues to be "difficult", as after receiving approximately 534 applications, only 9 had been authorised as of 5 September 2018, according to the Mexican government's own website.

Introduction of basic medicine examination in Korean Medical License Examination to improve physician's science competency

Physicians play a central role in the fields of medical service, research, and industry, so it is imperative to produce well-qualified doctors. Medicine is composed of science and arts, both necessary for its practice, and thus, the education outcomes in basic medical education in a medical school include basic biomedical sciences, social sciences and clinical sciences. Adequate science competencies create a deeper and better understanding of scientific knowledge, concepts, and methods fundamental to clinical science, and contribute to the scientific, technological, and clinical developments. The science competencies are primarily obtained by studying basic medicine in basic medical education, which has been criticized for failing to do so sufficiently in Korea. The failure is attributed to insufficient education time, teachers, and budgets, but the most critical factor is the lack of awareness regarding the importance of the science competencies of the physicians. Such ignorance also affects the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE). The KMLE tests competency in clinical sciences, preventive medicine, and medical laws, but not in basic biomedical sciences, which might result in insufficient science competency of the physicians and a decrease in the overall quality of the medical health service. Tests must be urgently introduced in KMLE on the competencies of basic biomedical sciences to improve the science competency of the physicians. The representative organizations of the medical society should take vigorous actions for the introduction of the basic medicine examination in KMLE.

Mutual Recognition Agreement for Nursing Professionals: Policy Issues and Alternatives / 간호행정학회지

Mga tanom na nakakabulong: Medicinal plant studies among the undergraduate researches of Bicol University – Department of Biology from 1991 to 2019

Background@#Undergraduate researches in universities are potential sources of useful data in medicinal plant research. In higher education institutions, many of these manuscripts remain untapped and inaccessible to researchers and scientists. If widely utilized, these can contribute in the growth of knowledge on medicinal plants. @*Objectives@#This article aimed to catalogue the medicinal plant researches of the Bicol University – Department of Biology from 1991 to 2019, highlight significant developments, trends, and responsiveness of the research, and recommend policies to improve medicinal plant research in the next decade. @*Methodology@#A complete list of undergraduate research titles was obtained and analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) process. Categorization of researches included the medicinal plants studied, year of study, and the biological assays conducted. The final list included two things: researches that utilized medicinal plants and those researches which tested the biological and medicinal properties of plants. Results were presented in percentages. @*Results@#To date, 18.72% of the 865 thesis titles archived in the department are medicinal plant researches and majority of which focused on antimicrobial and toxicity studies. There were 52 plant families, 99 genera, and 114 plant species investigated. Leguminosae and Asteraceae were the most studied plant families. The years 2011-2019 were the most fruitful in terms of research completed. @*Conclusion@#Undergraduate researches can provide vital information on medicinal plants studies, especially on an institutional and regional level. It is recommended that medicinal plants research be included as a thematic area among higher education institutions, and that policies be implemented to support publication of researches.

Centro de estética y control de peso corporal: norma técnica No. 010-2019­DRACES / Center for aesthetics and body weight control: technical standard No. 010-2019 ­ DRACES

DRACES [Departamento de Regulación, Acreditación y Control de Establecimientos de Salud] Este documento tiene como objeto "la Regulación, Autorización y Control de los Centros de Estética y Control de Peso Corporal, en concordancia con el Reglamento para la Regulación, Autorización, Acreditación y Control de Establecimientos de Atención para la Salud, Acuerdo Gubernativo No. 376-2007." Es de carácter obligatorio, por lo que se aplica tanto a centros privados, sociales y/o públicos. Contiene además, las definiciones de los conceptos relacionados al tema principal, además de la infraestructura que deberá tener cada centro, incluidos el equipo y recurso humano y técnico. Especialmente relevante es la descripción de conceptos del equipo técnico que es utilizado en este tipo de centros, así como las terapias que suelen brindarse. Contiene además, sección de desechos bioinfecciosos no punzo-cortantes y otros más, propios del trabajo de estos centros. Así como "Condiciones de Bioseguridad".

Producción científica y licenciamiento de escuelas de medicina en el Perú / Scientific production and licensing of medical schools in Peru

La nueva ley universitaria 30220 del 2014 creó la obligatoriedad del licenciamiento institucional de todas las universidades peruanas a cargo de la Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria - SUNEDU, el primer programa de pregrado en pasar por el mismo proceso será medicina. El licenciamiento de programas de medicina es necesario para garantizar que las condiciones en que se imparte la carrera en el Perú son las adecuadas, con la alta posibilidad de cierre de algunas escuelas de medicina. Una vez que una escuela de medicina haya demostrado que cumple con las condiciones básicas de calidad, se realiza una evaluación cualitativa y una cuantitativa que incluye tres criterios: producción científica en Web of Science, impacto medido a través del índice H, y resultados del examen nacional de medicina, para determinar los años de licenciamiento. Este artículo realiza una evaluación de los indicadores cuantitativos vinculados a investigación usando Web of Science y Scopus, además de hacer revisiones técnicas y metodológicas de los mismos; así como sugerencias para los otros indicadores.

The new university law 30220 of 2014 introduced the mandatory institutional licensing of all Peruvian universities by the National Superintendence of Higher University Education (SUNEDU, in Spanish). The first undergraduate program to go through this process will be medicine. The licensing of medical programs is necessary to ensure that the conditions in which the program is taught in Peru are adequate, with a high probability of closing some medical schools. Once a medical school has demonstrated that it meets the basic conditions of quality, a qualitative and quantitative evaluation is carried out that includes three criteria: scientific production in the Web of Science, impact measured through the H index, and results of the national medical exam, to determine the years of licensing. This article evaluates the quantitative indicators linked to research using Web of Science and Scopus, in addition to making technical and methodological revisions of them. Suggestions for the other indicators are also covered by this article.

Lineamientos para emisión de certificados de habilitación de establecimientos de atención para la salud, públicos y privados: unidad técnica normativa 2019 / Guidelines for the issuance of certificates of authorization of health care establishments, public and private: normative technical unit 2019

El objetivo del documento es la normalización de los criterios mínimos que deben cumplir los establecimientos de salud para su funcionamiento. Además, es un modelo básico para ser certificado, previo a solicitar la licencia sanitaria. Contiene unos fundamentos legales, así como las definiciones de rigor en torno al tema central. Incluye las indicaciones a seguir, para la solicitud de inspección, previo a la certificación. Incluye el anexo: "Guía de inspección de condiciones de habilitación de establecimientos de atención para la salud" (anexo A). También, "Modelo de certificación de habilitación" (anexo B). "Categorías de establecimientos regulados por DRACES" (anexo C). El anexo D y último, contiene todo el fundamento legal que deben conocer quienes soliciten ser habilitados.

Criminalization of medical error and medical regulatory authority

This study aimed to suggest the justification for a self-regulatory body for medical licenses in Korea by reviewing recent cases of physician arrests for medical accidents in Korea. A number of recent cases of medical mistakes have been criminalized by courts in Korea, leading to widespread concern and fear throughout the healthcare community. Without a profession-led self-regulation system ever having been introduced in Korea, there is no alternative method for disciplining doctors other than through criminal tort law. It is expected that the volume of malpractice lawsuits will increase rapidly in Korea as the government ambitiously expands its plans for universal health coverage. Instead of facing criminal charges, however, doctors must put forth an effort to introduce a contemporary form of medical regulation, with more advanced disciplinary measures against substandard practice. The Korean Medical Association has undertaken the challenging mandate of establishing a new professional regulatory body to provide a tribunal and disciplinary system for the medical profession. It has proven difficult to persuade doctors of its purpose and value, as the majority do not yet fully grasp the very foreign concept of self-regulation. Moving forward, however, it will eventually become the responsibility of doctors to persuade society, lawmakers, government, and patient interest groups of the necessity and viability of self-regulation, which may also prove challenging. Despite these predictable challenges, it is imperative that Korean doctors solve the issue of creating a new, modern regulatory body capable of effective self-regulation and acceptable disciplinary measures, within the near future.

Current status and directions of resident education

A resident is a preliminary specialist with a medical license. It is also the status of an employee at a training hospital who is trained by clinical faculty. This duality makes the role of a resident unique, because its interpretation differs dramatically depending on whether one focuses on a resident's status as a trainee or as an employee. Issues regarding patient safety have emerged as residents have come to emphasize their role as employees in discussions of how to balance their work duties with their learning responsibilities. The workload that was taken for granted is no longer considered natural. Two years have elapsed since the enactment of the resident law, which was passed to improve the training environment and working conditions of residents, and limits them to 80 hours of work per week. However, confusion persists in the field. In order to solve problems regarding resident education, new education program with hospitalists and the financial and administrative support from hospitals and the government are important.